A: Eco-sufficiency complements efficiency and consistency strategies, the two main approaches to countering the compounding ecological crises created by land use, resource overconsumption, and burning fossil fuels. Whereas efficiency reduces the energy and resource footprint during the production and lifetime of a product, consistency introduces new technologies and processes that are in line with nature, like renewables and circularity. Both these strategies are important, but they’re not enough to achieve sustainability. Efficiency improvements are cancelled out by growing demand—a process known as the rebound effect—while consistency improvements are slow and ever-reliant on resource extraction.

Sufficiency addresses these shortcomings by advocating for an overall reduction of our energy and resource use. As a strategy, it is quite straightforward: sufficiency means that we consume according to our needs, not wants, and live what researchers Uwe Schneidewind and Angelika Zahrnt call “the good life” within the limits of the eco-sphere. In addition to reducing consumption, sufficiency encourages the transition to a sharing economy with a strong emphasis on repair and reuse. This involves ‘unlearning’ neoliberal beliefs rooted in the myth of infinite growth, the creation of new social practices, and the adoption of new role models. To maintain our quality of life and improve our overall well-being, we need to prioritize non-material wealth, like happiness or time spent with friends and family.

It’s worth noting that the implementation of eco-sufficiency strategies is particularly important in the Global North. It’s here where, today and historically, the majority of resources are being consumed, while people in the Global South face the brunt of the consequences.

A: “Pathways to Sufficiency” is the name of the research project initiated by informatics professor Lorenz Hilty and co-lead by Dr. Jeannette Behringer at the University of Zurich. It is carried out at the Zurich Knowledge Center for Sustainable Development (ZKSD) and funded by the Hamasil Foundation. As part of that research, we are developing a workshop format that brings people together and lets them develop sufficiency-oriented futures based on what they think constitutes a ‘good life.’ We hope that these exercises will serve as a first step on the pathway to sufficiency. In our workshops, we are primarily interested in the exchange of ideas, the co-creation of futures, and collective learning as we explore strategies to actualize these futures together. The workshops are designed for a wide range of audiences but can also be adapted to specific groups. So far, we have hosted workshops for the general public and more focused ones for elementary schools, art and design students, participants of academic conferences, and, most recently, the NEW NOW Festival. To make our methods and findings accessible to a larger audience, we are currently working on a series of publications.

A: The need for action is indeed dire. But how can we ask individuals to implement sufficiency into their lives when our governing systems make it so hard to do so? This is called the individualization of responsibility and is, in fact, a neoliberal tactic. That’s why we recommend taking collective action through organizations and neighbourhood initiatives, by voting, and being politically active. These are powerful steps with much greater leverage than making small changes in one’s personal life. Nevertheless, we should also critically reflect on our everyday choices regarding housing, mobility, food, or other forms of consumption. This can be a self-reflective exercise that centres ourselves, as opposed to comparing ourselves with others.